Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: Regulator of G protein signaling 6 mediates exercise-induced recovery of hippocampal neurogenesis, learning, and memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-01993

Figure Lengend Snippet: RGS6 in DG NPCs is required for running-induced cognitive improvements in APP SWE mice. (A) Schematic outlining experimental design. Mice were placed in cages containing either fixed (control) or free (running) wheels for 8 weeks. Mice underwent hippocampal-based learning and memory behavioral tasks after 4 weeks (Y-maze [B]) and 8 weeks (Y-maze [C] and contextual fear conditioning (CFC, [D]) of wheel treatment. (B, C) Multi-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc adjustment was used to analyze the effects of and interactions between genotype, sex, time, and wheel treatment after 4 (B) or 8 weeks (C) of wheel treatment. Top: % Spontaneous alternations— Significant effects of genotype ( F 3,154 = 16.261, P = 0.000) and wheel treatment ( F 1,154 = 52.906, P = 0.000), as well as their interaction ( F 3,154 = 19.638, P = 0.000) were observed. No significant effects of sex or time were observed. Bottom: % Time spent in novel arm— Significant effects of genotype ( F 3,154 = 30.835, P = 0.000) and wheel treatment ( F 1,154 = 22.496, P = 0.000), as well as their interaction ( F 3,154 = 7.652, P = 0.000) were observed. No significant effects of sex or time were observed. (D) Multi-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc adjustment was used to analyze the effects of and interactions between genotype, sex, and wheel treatment. A significant effect of genotype ( F 3,55 = 6.217, P = 0.001) and its interaction with wheel treatment ( F 3,55 = 3.898, P = 0.013) were observed. No significant effects of sex or wheel treatment were observed. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. (Fixed wheel: n = 8 RGS6 WT DG mice; n = 11 RGS6 KO DG mice; n = 10 RGS6 WT DG ; APP SWE mice; n = 12 RGS6 KO DG ; APP SWE mice. Free wheel: n = 7 RGS6 WT DG mice; n = 9 RGS6 KO DG mice; n = 10 RGS6 WT DG ; APP SWE mice; n = 15 RGS6 KO DG ; APP SWE mice). DCX: Doublecortin; DG: dentate gyrus; GFP: green fluorescent protein; IHC: immunohistochemistry; NPCs: neuronal progenitor cells; RGS6: Regulator of G protein signaling 6.

Article Snippet: For each trial, mice are placed in a fear conditioning box (Med Associates NIR VFC System, Fairfax, VT, USA) with a steel wire bottom.

Techniques: Control, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Sex-Dependent Vulnerability to PTSD-Like Behaviors in iNOS Knockout Mice

doi: 10.1101/2025.08.27.672399

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of contextual and cued fear conditioning responses between male and female WT and iNOS KO mice. (a) Graphical representation of contextual fear conditioning paradigm. (b) Conditioning and extinction over time in contextual fear conditioning. (c) Fear expression in contextual fear conditioning. (d) Extinction retrieval in contextual fear conditioning. (e) Graphical representation of cued fear conditioning paradigm. (f) Conditioning, extinction, and retrieval over time in cued fear conditioning. (g) Fear expression in cued fear conditioning. (h) Total extinction retrieval in cued fear conditioning. Data are presented as Mean ± SEM and were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA (b and f), two-way ANOVA (c), or the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test (d, g, and h). A total of 10–18 animals per group were used. @p < 0.05 compared between sexes; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 compared between genotypes. *p < 0.05, ****p < 0.0001 for time comparisons.

Article Snippet: Mice were habituated to a conditioning box (Ugo Basile Fear conditioning system) and subsequently received three inescapable footshocks (0.75 mA; 2s each) through a metal grid (day 1) to assess the behavioral fear response (freezing) ( ).

Techniques: Comparison, Expressing